In ArcGIS Pro you need to create a new virtual Python environment in order to install additional Python packages. How can you set up that virtual environment on a machine that has no Internet access?
The first surprise is that creating a new virtual environment requires Internet access at all — I had assumed the existing Python environment would simply be copied locally. When creating a new virtual environment, ArcGIS Pro attempts to download Python packages, presumably to install the most recent available versions.
The simplest solution seems to be: create the new virtual environment on a machine that has Internet access, install all additional packages you need there, then copy that environment folder to the offline machine.
Prerequisite: ArcGIS Pro must be the same version on both machines — in other words, the Python runtime must match. I don't know how exact that version match must be.
1) Create a new Python environment in ArcGIS Pro.
2) Install the additional packages you require.
3) The newly created environment is placed in the user's folder:
C:\Users\<username>\AppData\Local\ESRI\conda\envs
Zip the subfolder that corresponds to the environment you want, copy the zip file to the target (offline) machine, and extract it into the same folder there.
See also: Solved: How to clone the ArcGIS Pro
3 Python environment? - Esri Community

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